Mezzini, Cavour and Garibaldi in the unification of Italy played following roles —
Mezzini : Mezzini was a literary figure, a supporter of republication ideas and a capable general.
Mazzini wanted to unify the whole of Italy and make it a republic of the states. While the rule of Sardinia Piedmont wanted to invade all the provinces under the leadership.
On the other hand the Pope as also in favour of making Holestein Italy a theocratic state.
In this way, the path of Unification of Italy was blocked due to the conflict of ideas.
Later on some part of Italy began to be invaded by Austria in which Charles Albert, the ruler of Sardinia was defeated.
The democratic movement in Italy was crushed by the intervention of Austria. Thus Mezzini was defeated again and he fled.
By 1848, the efforts made for the unification of Italy were virtually unsuccessful, but gradually due to these movements in treaty Italy.
Public awareness was increasing and the feeling of national alienation was intensifying.
The new ruler of Sardinia Piedmont in Italy Victor Emmanuel, was of nationalist ideology and with his efforts the work of unification of Italy and France continued for the implementation of his policy count kabour has been appointed the Prime Minister.
Count Cavour : Count Cavour was a successful diplomat and nationalist.
He considered Austria to be the biggest obstacle in the unification of Italy. So, he extended his hand of friendship with France to defeat Austria.
In the Crimean war of 1953-54 AD. Cavour won the political support of France by declaring it to join the war on behalf of France.
Cavour also made a treaty with Napoleon III under which France promises military support to Piedmont against Austria.
In return the two Princely state of Nice and Savoy, Cavour, accepted small payment to France.
In 1860-61 Cavour annexed all the Princely states of north and central Italy (Parma, Modena, Tuscany, Fabbara, Belazona etc.) except Rome and Vinetia, the rest of the princely states were merged with labour Rome and all considered Victor Emmanuel as the ruler.
Garibaldi : Meanwhile the great revolutionary, Garibaldi was only a part of the armed revolution through the unification of princely states of Southern Italy and the establishment of a Republic was trying.
Garibaldi thanked his employees and volunteers created an armed force. He took his troops to the province of Italy attacked Sicily and Naples.
Most of the people of these princely states were fed up with the autocratic rule of the Bourbon dynasty and supported Garibaldi.
Garibaldi established the republic here and took power there as a representative of Victor Emmanuel.
Without any treaty, Garibaldi handed over the conquered territory of southern. Italy to Victor Emmanuel, who surrendered all his wealth to the nation.
By 1871, the unification of Italy was completed due to the contribution of nationalist leaders such as Mazzini Cabur and Garibaldi.
