The Civil Disobedience movement launched in 1930 against the British Colonial power under the leadership of Gandhiji was the second mass movement. After the non-Co-operation movement, there was a vacuum in the Indian national movement. But again due to some reasons, the background of civil disobedience movement was prepared. These reasons were the following-
- Simon Commission — In order to consider the issue of constitutional reform in India, it was provided in the India Act of 1919 that the commission would be appointed after 10 years. The commission will consider changes in the act. The Simon commission was formed in 1927 under the leadership of Sir John Simon. There was not a single Indian in the seven member commission that was constituted. Decisions regarding the self government of India were to be made by the foreigners. As a result, on reaching Bombay on February 3, 1928, the Simon Commission was opposed all over India and the people again got ready for the struggle.
- Nehru Report — At the time of protest against. Simon Commission, then Indian Secretary Lord Birkenhead challenged the Indians to make a universal constitution. Therefore in 1928 the Congress organised an all party conference in Delhi. Its president was Motilal Nehru. In this, the status of 'Dominion State' was of the congress disagreed. At the same time both the Muslim league and the Hindu Mahasabha were spreading the spirit of communalism. Therefore, Gandhiji put up a program of civil disobedience to deal with it.
- World Wide Economic Recession — The Indian economy was also played by the economic slowdown of 1929-30 AD. Even in this situation the British Continue to expel money from India. People should be upset and against the government so this was the above Opportunity for the movement.
- Revolutionary Movement — Revolutionary movements like Meerut conspiracy, Lahore conspiracy, Chittagong loot were attracting the attention of the public. In such a situation, the congress could not sit still.
- Growing Influence Of Socialism — Effects of Socialism ideology was being felt in the congress to balance this effect a movement was needed.
- Demand For Complete Independence — In the Lahore session of the Congress, after passing the resolution of complete independence, on December 31, 1929, Nehru hoisted the Congress flag on the four Ravi banks in the middle of the night and on January 26, 1930, was decided to celebrate the full independence day to be done. Due to this the public got excited and got ready for the movement.
Thus, due to above reasons an atmosphere of movement for independence was created. Before starting the movement, Gandhi Ji placed "point demands before the Viceroy Irwin and talked about suspending the proposed movement if they were fulfilled. Irwin did not give any consideration to Gandhi Ji's demands. Therefore, being compelled. Gandhi Ji started the Civil Disobedience Movement by doing Dandi March. He broke the salt law and provided the Mantra to prepare the whole of India for the movement against the British.
